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                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview Trend: Centralized to Decentralized Importance of Blockchain Technical Innovations of Bitcoin Blockchain Applications to Networking" xmpDM:startTime="51733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding chinese_wedding_registration chinese_wedding_social" xmpDM:startTime="96833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wedding (Cont) Centralized Decentralized Centralized registry Single point of failure Easier to hacked Decentralized No single point of failure Very" xmpDM:startTime="162600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="difficult to hack chinese_wedding_registration chinese_wedding_social" xmpDM:startTime="162600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains What it allows: Two complete strangers can complete a transaction without a third party 1st Generation: Transaction = Money" xmpDM:startTime="209200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="transaction 2nd Generation: Transaction = Shares of 3rd Generation: Smart Contracts, Agreements, Property, … Revolutionizing and changing the way we" xmpDM:startTime="209200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="do banking, manufacturing, education, computer networking, … How is it done? A singly linked chain of blocks of verified signed" xmpDM:startTime="209200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="transactions is replicated globally on millions of nodes You will have to change millions of nodes to attack/change Who is" xmpDM:startTime="209200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="interested: Banks, Hospitals, Venture Capitalists, … Þ Researchers, students, …" xmpDM:startTime="209200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain Properties Achieves decentralized “consensus” No single trusted party required No single point of failure Cryptographically secure Hacker proof" xmpDM:startTime="458867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples of Centralized Systems Banks: Allow money transfer between two accounts Currency: Printed and controlled by the government Stocks: Need" xmpDM:startTime="502100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="brokers and clearing house (NY stock exchange, Bombay Stock Exchange, …) Networks: Certificate Authorities, Domain Name Service In all cases:" xmpDM:startTime="502100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="There is a central third party to be trusted Central party maintains a large database of information Þ Attracts Hackers" xmpDM:startTime="502100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Central party may be hacked Þ affects millions Central party is a single point of failure." xmpDM:startTime="502100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can malfunction or be bribed." xmpDM:startTime="502100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="502100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend: Centralized to Decentralized Trend: Make everything decentralized with no central point of control You can send money to your" xmpDM:startTime="613600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="friends in Russia, China without their governments knowing it You can make a wedding contract, Property contract Decentralized systems are" xmpDM:startTime="613600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="More reliable: Fault tolerant More secure: Attack tolerant No single bottleneck Þ Fast No single point of control Þ No" xmpDM:startTime="613600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="monopoly Þ Cheaper Libertarians decided to build a totally decentralized system with no central authority." xmpDM:startTime="613600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain is one way to do this." xmpDM:startTime="613600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="613600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fifth Disruptive Computing Paradigm Mainframes: IBM Personal computers: Microsoft Internet: Netscape, …, Google Mobile and social networking: Apple, Facebook Blockchains:" xmpDM:startTime="659433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Decentralized money exchange, micro financing, contracts, machine economy (IoT payments)" xmpDM:startTime="659433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Google Trend: Blockchains Countries with most interest in Blockchains: Dec 18, 2016 May 31, 2015 Nov 10, 2013 Apr 22," xmpDM:startTime="692833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2012 google_trends Jul 2012 Feb 2014 Aug 2015 Mar 2017" xmpDM:startTime="692833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="VC investment Acquisitions By large corporations Mass Production Gartner's Hype Cycle of Emerging Tech 2016 Ref: M.J." xmpDM:startTime="759667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Walker, B." xmpDM:startTime="759667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Burton, M." xmpDM:startTime="759667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cantars, “Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2016,” Gartner Report, G00299893, July 2016 Time Not mentioned in 2015 and prior cycles" xmpDM:startTime="759667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="759667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain Origin: Bitcoin Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="927833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="927833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains can be leveraged for other applications" xmpDM:startTime="927833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="VC investment Acquisitions By large corporations Mass Production Gartner's Hype Cycle of Emerging Tech 2016 Ref: M.J." xmpDM:startTime="929133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Walker, B." xmpDM:startTime="929133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Burton, M." xmpDM:startTime="929133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cantars, “Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2016,” Gartner Report, G00299893, July 2016 Time Not mentioned in 2015 and prior cycles" xmpDM:startTime="929133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="929133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain Origin: Bitcoin Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="965933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="965933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains can be leveraged for other applications" xmpDM:startTime="965933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin First Successful Virtual Currency Has survived 9 years and has become legal in several jurisdiction Decentralized: No one company" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or government controls it Decentralized Transaction Verification Decentralized Ledger (accounting book) Decentralized Mint to make new coins Decentralized peer-to-peer network" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo-Anonymous: User ID = Hash of public key Has been designed to control over-minting, double-spending, counterfeiting 1 BTC = 2340.15" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="USD (July 20, 2017) was 620.04" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="USD (Sep 9, 2016)." xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10-8 BTC = 1 Satoshi = 0.0012" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cents 16,458,550 BTC (July 20, 2017) Total 21 Million BTC will ever be generated." xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: https://coinmarketcap.com/" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1100167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="30,000+ Vendors Accept Bitcoins Dell Newegg.com" xmpDM:startTime="1272600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TigerDirect Apple’s App Store Sears K-Mart Square Subway Safer than using credit cards Ref: https://99Bitcoins.com/who-accepts-Bitcoins-payment-companies-stores-take-Bitcoins/" xmpDM:startTime="1272600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dell_logo Apple_logo kmart_logo newegg_logo sears_logo square_logo subway_logo tigerdirect_logo" xmpDM:startTime="1272600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin History Satoshi Nakamoto published a whitepaper in 2008." xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How to do direct transfer of money without involving a 3rd party." xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="He also published complete reference code to transact, store, and mint Bitcoins." xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Made the software open source." xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="He supported the software and answered all questions for 3 years and then disappeared (may be because he was rich" xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or fearful) P2P Network: Nodes come up and leave at random Packets are delayed, lost, duplicated Some nodes are malicious" xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="As long as a majority of CPU power is not with attackers, the system works Þ Proof of Work Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” https://Bitcoin.org/Bitcoin.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1304367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin Wallet Program to manage your incoming/outgoing Bitcoins Allows generating new addresses and public/private key pairs Keep track of holdings" xmpDM:startTime="1448300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of your different addresses Similar to Apple Wallet, Google Wallet, … Numerous apps on Apple’s App store or Google Play" xmpDM:startTime="1448300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Store Coinbase Blockchain Bitcoin Free Bitcoin Billionare BitWallet Airbitz wallet" xmpDM:startTime="1448300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Transaction Bob gives 1 BTC to Alice Hash of previous transaction of this coin Address of Alice Bob signs with" xmpDM:startTime="1480400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="his private key computer_man computer_woman Hash Signed Transaction and Bob’s public key I (Bob) give 1 BTC to Alice Bob’s" xmpDM:startTime="1480400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Public Key" xmpDM:startTime="1480400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ledger Solution to Double Spending From Amount To Bob 1 USD Alice Bob’s Account Balance=Balance-1 Alice’s Account Balance=Balance+1 Cash 2" xmpDM:startTime="1579733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="USD Grocery Electronics 5 USD Cash … … … Maintained by a bank or in a personal computer Problem: It" xmpDM:startTime="1579733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="can be hacked." xmpDM:startTime="1579733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1579733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Decentralized Ledger Copy 1 From Amount To Bob 1 USD Alice Bob’s Account Balance=Balance-1 Alice’s Account Balance=Balance+1 From Amount To" xmpDM:startTime="1616300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob 1 USD Alice Copy 2 Copy n … Cannot be hacked unless 51% copies are hacked." xmpDM:startTime="1616300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1616300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blocks Problem: Too many transactions Þ Chain too long Takes too long to find and verify a transaction Solution: Combine" xmpDM:startTime="1634733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="several transactions into blocks of verified transactions Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Chain: Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction" xmpDM:startTime="1634733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Block 0 Block n-1 Block n Time Stamp Time Stamp Time Stamp" xmpDM:startTime="1634733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1634733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains Block maker (Miners) ensures that all transactions in the block are valid Miners have significant computing power Miner with" xmpDM:startTime="1667633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the highest computer power wins." xmpDM:startTime="1667633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="His/her block is added to the end of the chain Miner is rewarded." xmpDM:startTime="1667633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="He/She is allowed to mint a few new coins and keep them Proof of computing power Þ Proof of work" xmpDM:startTime="1667633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Þ Solve a puzzle Chain with the highest cumulative difficulty is selected as the main chain runner_female runner_male" xmpDM:startTime="1667633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Proof-of-Work When someone requests a service, ask them to do something that is difficult for the requester but easy to" xmpDM:startTime="1724100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="verify for the server." xmpDM:startTime="1724100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Captcha is one example Bitcoin requires a proof that you can compute faster than others A puzzle is given and" xmpDM:startTime="1724100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the node that solves it first wins Puzzle is such that it can be solved in ~ 10 minutes Þ" xmpDM:startTime="1724100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Puzzles are being made harder as the computing power is increasing with Moore’s Law puzzle" xmpDM:startTime="1724100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Puzzle Find a nonce that will make the hash of the block header less than a specified target Lower target" xmpDM:startTime="1740900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Þ More difficult to find Puzzle can be made harder/easier by specifying a higher or lower target Target is adjusted" xmpDM:startTime="1740900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="by all miners every 2 weeks (2016 blocks) so that it takes 10 minutes to solve the puzzle." xmpDM:startTime="1740900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Hash Target or difficulty 0 +2256-1 Block Header Nonce" xmpDM:startTime="1740900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1810600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Potential Blockchain Applications Financial: Currency, Private equities, Public equities, Bonds, Derivatives, Commodities, Mortgage records, Crowd-funding, Micro-finance, Micro-charity Public Records: Land" xmpDM:startTime="1867533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="titles, Vehicle registries, Business license, Criminal records, Passports, Birth certificates, Death certificates, Building permits, Gun permits Private Records: Contracts, Signatures," xmpDM:startTime="1867533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wills, Trusts, Escrows Other Semi-Public Records: Degree, Certifications, Grades, HR records, Medical records, Accounting records Physical Asset Keys: Apartment keys," xmpDM:startTime="1867533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Vacation home keys, Hotel room keys, Car keys, Rental car keys, Locker keys Intangibles: Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks Ref: http://ledracapital.com/blog/2014/3/11/Bitcoin-series-24-the-mega-master-blockchain-list" xmpDM:startTime="1867533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1867533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Networking Applications NameCoin: A decentralized key-value registration and transfer platform using blockchains." xmpDM:startTime="1897167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A decentralized Domain Names Registry To eventually replace Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) .bit" xmpDM:startTime="1897167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="domain names Includes its own currency to pay for registration DARPA issued a RFP for Secure Decentralized Messaging using Blockchains" xmpDM:startTime="1897167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="InterPlanetary File System (IPFS): Decentralized secure file serving Storj: Decentralized secure cloud storage using blockchains OneName: Digital identity." xmpDM:startTime="1897167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Authentication using Wallet" xmpDM:startTime="1897167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Authorities issue certificates Single Point of Failure CA Keys are often compromised (Diginotar – Dutch certificate" xmpDM:startTime="2011833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="authority was compromised in 2011) Web of Trust: Anyone can issue a certificate Blockchain solution: Store user ID and public" xmpDM:startTime="2011833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="key Blockstack Certcoin" xmpDM:startTime="2011833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Provenance Keeping track of origin and history of movement of data among the databases or documents Traditional solution: Logging" xmpDM:startTime="2186733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and auditing In a distributed cloud environment, centralized logging is required and is difficult Blockchains can be used to log" xmpDM:startTime="2186733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the changes Miners verify the changes ProvChain SMARTDATA Also used in supply chains" xmpDM:startTime="2186733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Privacy Facebook and Google have massive amounts of personal information Who can access this information? Can someone do statistics" xmpDM:startTime="2257567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="on the database without having rights to personal information of all? Can the user hide its identity? Traditional Method: Access" xmpDM:startTime="2257567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Lists (ACL) managed centrally (by Facebook and Google) Blockchains can be used to keep ACL and data stored in" xmpDM:startTime="2257567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a distributed manner with no central control" xmpDM:startTime="2257567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Integrity Data has not been corrupted Traditional techniques: Digital Signatures and PKI, Replication In blockchains, data can not be" xmpDM:startTime="2310800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="tempered once committed to a block." xmpDM:startTime="2310800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ericson provides a blockchain based integrity assurance service" xmpDM:startTime="2310800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain Challenges Selfish mining: Some one creating a large number of bad blocks keeping the miners busy with discards Sybil" xmpDM:startTime="2343600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Attacks: Some one creating a large number of transactions denying service to legitimate users 51% Attack: One entity owns the" xmpDM:startTime="2343600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="majority of miners Communication overhead Solving the puzzles for “Proof of Work” wastes computing resources" xmpDM:startTime="2343600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alternatives to “Proof of Work” Proof of Space: Computation is replaced by storage Measure of Trust: Most trustworthy miner wins" xmpDM:startTime="2445733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Minimum Block Hash (rather than fastest) miner wins Þ More random Proof of Importance Proof of Stake" 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xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SAP Deloitte" xmpDM:startTime="2973333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alternatives to “Proof of Work” Proof of Space: Computation is replaced by storage Measure of Trust: Most trustworthy miner wins" xmpDM:startTime="2974033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Minimum Block Hash (rather than fastest) miner wins Þ More random Proof of Importance Proof of Stake" xmpDM:startTime="2974033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain Challenges Selfish mining: Some one creating a large number of bad blocks keeping the miners busy with discards Sybil" xmpDM:startTime="2974733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Attacks: Some one creating a large number of transactions denying service to legitimate users 51% Attack: One entity owns the" xmpDM:startTime="2974733" 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Can someone do statistics" xmpDM:startTime="2982600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="on the database without having rights to personal information of all? Can the user hide its identity? Traditional Method: Access" xmpDM:startTime="2982600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Lists (ACL) managed centrally (by Facebook and Google) Blockchains can be used to keep ACL and data stored in" xmpDM:startTime="2982600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a distributed manner with no central control" xmpDM:startTime="2982600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
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                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview" xmpDM:startTime="51733" tscDM:image="cits17_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="0" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="0, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding" xmpDM:startTime="96833" tscDM:image="cits17_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="1" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="75, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wedding (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="162600" tscDM:image="cits17_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="2" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains" xmpDM:startTime="209200" tscDM:image="cits17_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="3" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchain Properties" xmpDM:startTime="458867" tscDM:image="cits17_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="4" tscDM:imageoffset="0" 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